STRATEGI KEBIJAKAN PENANGGULANGAN PENUMPUKAN SAMPAH LIAR MENUJU BATAM BEBAS SAMPAH

Abstract

Abstrak Permasalahan penumpukan sampah liar di Kota Batam telah berkembang menjadi isu strategis yang berdampak terhadap kualitas lingkungan hidup, kesehatan masyarakat, estetika kota, pelayanan publik, serta daya saing investasi dan pariwisata. Meskipun berbagai regulasi dan program pengelolaan sampah telah diterapkan, keberadaan titik-titik penumpukan sampah liar masih menunjukkan bahwa sistem pengelolaan persampahan belum berjalan secara optimal. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi masalah, akar permasalahan utama terletak pada rendahnya kesadaran dan perilaku masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah serta keterbatasan lahan fasilitas umum (fasum) dan fasilitas sosial (fasos) untuk penyediaan infrastruktur persampahan. Makalah kebijakan ini bertujuan merumuskan strategi kebijakan yang mampu mewujudkan sistem pengelolaan sampah yang efektif, berkelanjutan, dan kolaboratif guna mendukung terwujudnya Batam Bebas Sampah Liar. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan Urgency, Seriousness, and Growth (USG), Fishbone Analysis, 5 Why's, dan Pohon Masalah untuk mengidentifikasi akar penyebab permasalahan, sedangkan pemilihan alternatif kebijakan menggunakan kriteria William N. Dunn dan Eightfold Path dari Eugene Bardach. Landasan analisis didukung oleh Teori Kebijakan Publik Thomas R. Dye, Sustainable Waste Management, Collaborative Governance, Circular Economy, Zero Waste City, serta Extended Producer Responsibility, yang dipadukan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan, Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI), standar internasional, dan tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan (SDGs). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa alternatif kebijakan yang paling efektif adalah penyusunan dan penerapan Peraturan Wali Kota Batam tentang Kewajiban Pemilahan Sampah dari Sumber sebagai instrumen utama untuk mendorong perubahan perilaku masyarakat, memperkuat tata kelola persampahan, meningkatkan penyediaan infrastruktur, mengoptimalkan kolaborasi multipihak, serta memperkuat pengawasan dan penegakan hukum. Implementasi kebijakan ini diharapkan mampu mengurangi penumpukan sampah liar secara berkelanjutan dan mewujudkan sistem pengelolaan sampah yang modern, terpadu, dan berwawasan lingkungan di Kota Batam. Abstract The problem of illegal waste accumulation in Batam City has become a strategic issue impacting environmental quality, public health, city aesthetics, public services, and investment and tourism competitiveness. Although various waste management regulations and programs have been implemented, the presence of illegal waste accumulation points still indicates that the waste management system is not functioning optimally. Based on the results of problem identification, the main root causes lie in low public awareness and behavior regarding waste management and limited land for public facilities (fasum) and social facilities (fasos) to provide waste infrastructure. This policy paper aims to formulate a policy strategy capable of realizing an effective, sustainable, and collaborative waste management system to support the realization of a Waste-Free Batam. The analysis was conducted using the Urgency, Seriousness, and Growth (USG) approach, Fishbone Analysis, 5 Whys, and the Problem Tree to identify the root causes of the problem. The selection of policy alternatives used William N. Dunn's criteria and Eugene Bardach's Eightfold Path. The analysis is based on Thomas R. Dye's Public Policy Theory, Sustainable Waste Management, Collaborative Governance, Circular Economy, Zero Waste City, and Extended Producer Responsibility, combined with laws and regulations, Indonesian National Standards (SNI), international standards, and sustainable development goals (SDGs). The analysis shows that the most effective policy alternative is the formulation and implementation of the Batam Mayor's Regulation on the Obligation to Sort Waste from Source as the main instrument to encourage changes in community behavior, strengthen waste management, improve infrastructure provision, optimize multi-stakeholder collaboration, and strengthen supervision and law enforcement. The implementation of this policy is expected to reduce the accumulation of illegal waste in a sustainable manner and realize a modern, integrated, and environmentally friendly waste management system in Batam City.